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Our smile, which is understandable in the context of Japanese culture, sometimes causes a lot of confusion and is notorious among foreign people as a mysterious smile

この

ぶん

文

かか

。

いみ

意味

が

わからない

You should rewrite this sentence. It doesn't make sense

とうし

こじき

てあて

、

びょういん

はここ

。

、

こじき

ちりょうひ

せいさん

かね

いちもん

、

A freezing beggar was brought into the hospital for treatment. However, he didn't have even one cent with which to settle the bill

コーヒー

メーカー

（２５―Ａ）

いちだい

ちゅうもん

。

きしゃ

ちゅうもんしょ

どうふう

I would like to order one coffee machine (Model 25-A) and have enclosed your order form

だいぶぶん

おお

ひとびと

ぶんがくてき

しゅみ

ゆうび

み

Many people, if not most, look on literary taste as an elegant accomplishment

にほんていえん

び

、

ほか

ぶんか

みいだ

こと

し

きょうみぶか

It is fun to know that the beauty of Japanese gardens can't be found in other cultures

ぶん

ぜんごかんけい

たんご

いみ

し

Get the meaning of a word from its context

ほん

なか

ぶん

たいせつ

Every sentence in this book is important

ぶんめい

すす

、

し

ほとん

ひつぜんてき

おとろ

As civilization advances, poetry almost necessarily declines

にほん

ぶんか

ぞうけいふか

Being knowledgeable about Japanese culture is a good thing

インカ

ぞく

おお

ぶんめい

きず

、

かれ

ひょうきほう

Though the Incas built up a great civilization, they had no system of writing

こくぶんぽう

げんざいけい

しめ

ようほう

おお

There are many uses of the 'present tense' of Japanese grammar which indicate things yet to happen

ジム

わたし

さくぶん

ぶんぽうてき

あやま

してき

Jim pointed out some grammatical mistakes in my composition

すいようび

しょうろんぶん

ていしゅつ

We have to submit an essay by Wednesday

しはいしゃ

もんく

い

I'm going to complain to the manager

みらいしんこうけい

未来進行形

は

、

みらい

じてん

しんこうちゅう

どうさ

できごと

ひょうげん

もち

、

れいぶん

しんこうちゅう

どうさ

かんが

The future progressive tense is used when expressing events and action in progress at some future point, however the example sentence cannot be understood in that way

ていせい

ぶん

かれ

い

おも

The corrected sentence was just what he wanted to say

かいしゃ

わたし

ちゅうもん

おう

The company couldn't fill my order

かれ

げつまつ

きょうじゅ

ていしゅつ

His doctoral thesis must be submitted to the professor by the end of the month

こうへい

い

かのじょ

ぶんさい

みと

To do her justice, we must admit her talent as a writer

ほか

くに

かんぜん

どくりつ

そんざい

くに

、

わたし

こと

ぶんかけん

ひとびと

せっしょく

も

No nation can exist completely isolated from others

この

ほん

本

は

、

げんだい

にほんご

ぶんぽう

、

たいけいてき

せつめい

ほん

This book aims to provide an explanation of modern Japanese grammar that is as systematic and as easily understood as possible

れいぶん

例文

や

、

ぶんしょう

しく

Let's master example sentences and the make-up of text by dictation

ぶんつう

たの

I look forward to corresponding with you

しなもの

かのじょ

ちゅうもんひん

きにゅう

The goods were entered to her

かれ

なぞと

れきしてき

ぶんしょ

しら

He looked into historical documents to solve the mystery

かがく

ろんぶん

しょうせつ

よ

This scientific article reads like a novel

じょうけん

くうぶん

か

The treaty is now a dead letter

かれ

ろんぶん

かくかぞく

ようじ

ぎゃくたい

もんだい

たいしょ

His paper confronts the question of child abuse in nuclear families

この

れいぶん

例文

は

、

かかた

ひつよう

おう

ないよう

ついかさくじょ

つか

This example text is a how-to-write sample, so please add to and delete from it as required before using

かれ

にほんぶんがく

しょうかい

いみ

There is no point in trying to introduce Japanese literature to him

ざんねん

ちゅうもん

We regret that we cannot place an order

ぶんぽう

Grammar be hanged

ぶんぽう

文法

は

、

わたし

だいきら

、

Grammar, which I hate, is good for me

きょうかつ

ぎせいしゃ

、

なんねんかん

くちどりょう

はら

。

、

いま

、

おろ

さと

、

びたいちもん

はら

き

The victim of blackmail has been paying hush money for years, but now he realizes it is foolish, and he has decided not to pay a red cent more

かれ

さくぶん

あやま

すく

His composition has not a few mistakes

きみ

ろんぶん

ふひつよう

ご

さくじょ

ほう

Omit needless words

すこ

まちが

べつ

、

さくぶん

Apart from a few spelling mistakes, it is a good composition

こてん

ぶんがくしょ

よ

かち

It is worthwhile reading classical works of literature

もの

う

にそくさんもん

That would bring only a small price

もんく

い

、

しごと

かたづ

Stop your grumbling and get the work out of the way

かれ

ＵＣＬＡ

にほんぶんがく

かん

いちれん

こうぎ

He gave a series of lectures on Japanese literature at UCLA

かれ

ぶんがく

ただ

かんしょう

He learned to appreciate literature

こうぶん

こうごえいご

しょう

These structures would rarely, if ever, occur in spoken English

じん

がいこう

かん

、

れきしてき

ぶんしょ

う

ひみつ

こうしょう

とも

The Norwegian diplomat mediated the secret negotiations that produced the historic document

ろんぶん

、

みんかんでんしょう

ひかく

In this paper, I compare the folklores of Germany and Holland

かれ

ぶんぽうしょ

おお

ようれい

いんよう

He has extracted a great many examples from the grammar book

しょうらい

、

ぶんがくさくひん

ほんやく

ちゃくしゅ

、

し

ぶんがく

さいご

むか

When, one day, computers undertake to translate literary works, it will be the end of literature as we know it

かれ

彼の

せいめいぶん

声明文

は

つぎ

とお

通り

だ

His statement runs as follows

この

メルマガ

は

、

さっこん

ごがく

さんぎょうかい

かんげん

おど

、

ぶんぽうかいしゃく

こてんてき

がくしゅう

ほう

おうどう

しん

うたが

かた

This e-zine is for those who, unswayed by the cajolery of the modern language industry, firmly trust that the traditional learning method of grammatical analysis is the way to go

さくぶん

あやま

、

There are few, if any, errors in your composition

とうちほう

ことば

ぜんご

いか

ぶんしょう

きょうちょう

こうか

Anastrophe, by switching around words, has the effect of emphasizing text

ぶんぽうてき

ただ

ぶんしょう

つく

こころ

You should try to produce grammatical sentences

わたし

た

ちゅうもん

I ate a hamburger and ordered another

もじ

文字

、

でんしょばと

伝書鳩

、

でんしん

電信

、

ほか

おお

ほうほう

、

じょうほう

はや

ひと

ひと

つた

Written words, carrier pigeons, the telegraph, and many other devices carried ideas faster and faster from man to man

かのじょ

かれ

むかし

こいぶみ

たいせつ

She cherished his old love letters

わたし

だぶん

み

Thank you for looking at my poor scribblings

わたし

あと

かく

ぶん

ふくしょう

Repeat each sentence after me

かみ

のこ

、

すこ

ちゅうもん

There is very little paper left, so order some more

ろんぶん

じかんか

か

You have to take your time over your thesis

わたし

がっこう

にほんぶんがく

えいご

やく

、

とく

特に

漱石

の

『

わがはい

ねこ

』

『

こころ

心

』、芥川

の

『

はな

鼻

』

や

『

かっぱ

』

たの

よ

At school I had enjoyed reading Japanese literature in English translation, in particular Soseki's I am a Cat and Kokoro, and Akutagawa's The Nose and Kappa

てんもんがくしゃ

すうがくしゃ

、J.ケプラー

、

わくせい

うんどう

けんきゅう

J. Kepler, astronomer and mathematician, made a study of planets and their movements

もんだい

かれ

もんな

The problem is that he is penniless

ほんとう

ぶんがくさくひん

ほんやく

Can computers actually translate literary works

じしょ

じょぶん

はしが

This dictionary has a preface, not a foreword

かれ

なん

ぼく

もんくつ

He finds faults with everything I do

かしゅ

もんく

いちい

The amateur singer won first in the talent show hands down

せきゆ

ぶんめい

はったつ

じゅうよう

やくわりは

Oil has played an important part in the progress of civilization

とう

、

げんしてき

ぶんか

、

しんぽ

ぶんか

。

、

ぶんか

げんご

おな

しんぽ

、

ふくざつ

複雑

なのである

There are so-called primitive cultures in the jungles of the Amazon and on the island of New Guinea, and there are so-called advanced cultures in Europe, Asia, and Africa, but the languages of these cultures are all equally advanced and complex

ろんぶん

こうしょう

ちゅうかいしゃ

たちば

かん

こんなん

てん

なに

もんだいとあ

In this paper I address the question, what is difficult about the intermediary's position in a negotiation

かれ

ぶんがく

しゃ

He is a man of letters

かのじょ

さくぶん

まった

ぶんぽうてき

あやま

な

Her composition had no grammatical errors at all

かのじょ

さくぶん

まった

ぶんぽうてき

あやま

Her composition was entirely free from grammatical errors

かれ

ろんぶん

しょうせつ

よ

His paper reads like a novel

ちゅうごくご

「

」

あらわ

ばあい

じょうじゅつ

「

じょし

助詞

」

か

「

とき

あらわ

ご

」

ぶんみゃく

おお

When indicating 'tense' in Chinese, as shown above, there are 'particles', 'time-specifying words' and also many cases where it depends on context

、

み

もじ

う

。

Oh? You can type without looking at the keyboard. That's cool

かのじょ

たいへん

ぶんさい

じょせい

She is a woman of great literary ability

ジョン

ぶんがく

きょうじゅ

、

おく

じん

John is professor of French literature at Oxford and his wife is French

わたし

げんご

ぶんかてき

つた

、

、

がくしゅう

うつ

い

ばあい

、

げんご

言語

は

、

ぶんか

じんるいがくしゃ

ぶんか

よ

、

がくしゅう

きょうよう

こうどう

ふくごうたい

いちぶ

こと

When we say that a language is culturally transmitted - that is, that it is learned rather than inherited - we mean that it is part of that whole complex of learned and shared behavior that anthropologists call culture

かれ

ちゅうもん

Bacon and eggs is his order

博文