Vocabulary list for JLPT N4
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sonna
Common word
Ichidan verb, intransitive verb
1.
to live, to exist
2.
to make a living, to subsist
3.
to be in effect, to be in use, to function
4.
to come to life, to be enlivened
5.
to be safe (in baseball, go, etc.)
Other readings:
活きる【いきる】
Ichidan verb, intransitive verb
1.
to part (usu. of people), to part from, to part with, to be apart from
2.
to separate (of a couple), to break up, to divorce
3.
to lose (e.g. one's mother), to be bereaved
noun, auxillary suru verb
1.
competition, contest, rivalry, race
2.
competition (between organisms or species)(biology term)
Ichidan verb, transitive verb
1.
to ill-treat, to bully, to torment, to pick on, to tease, to be cruel to, to persecute(usually kana)
2.
to be tough on (e.g. one's body), to treat harshly(usually kana)
Other readings:
いじめる《虐める》
noun
1.
accident, incident, trouble
2.
circumstances, reasons
Other readings:
事故【ことゆえ】[1]
Notes:
- out-dated or obsolete kana usage
Common word
Ichidan verb, transitive verb
1.
to transfer (trains), to change (bus, train)
2.
to change (to another ideology, party, company, etc.), to switch (to a different system, method, etc.), to move on to (e.g. a new love interest)
Other readings:
乗りかえる【のりかえる】
、乗換える【のりかえる】
、乗り替える【のりかえる】
、乗替える【のりかえる】
na-adjective, noun
1.
sure, certain, positive, definite
2.
reliable, trustworthy, safe, sound, firm, accurate, correct, exact
adverb
3.
If I'm not mistaken, If I remember correctly, If I remember rightly
Other readings:
確【たしか】[1]
、慥か【たしか】
Notes:
- irregular okurigana usage
Ichidan verb, transitive verb
1.
to stand up, to put up, to set up, to erect, to raise(also written as 起てる)
2.
to thrust into, to bury into, to dig into
3.
to make (a noise), to start (a rumour), to raise (a cloud of dust, etc.), to cause
4.
to make, to establish, to set up, to develop, to formulate
5.
to put up (a political candidate), to make (one's leader)
6.
to treat with respect, to give (someone) their due, to make (someone) look good, to avoid embarrassing (someone)
7.
to sharpen, to make clear
8.
to shut, to close
See also:閉てる
9.
to make tea (matcha), to perform the tea ceremony
See also:点てる
10.
to divide by
suffix, Ichidan verb
11.
to do ... vigorously(after the -masu stem of a verb)
noun
1.
neck
2.
head
3.
dismissal, discharge, firing (from a job)(usually kana)(also written as 馘)
Other readings:
頸【くび】
、頚【くび】
、クビ
arubaito
Common word
adverb, noun
1.
circumstances, condition, convenience
auxillary suru verb
2.
to arrange, to manage
3.
to lend money, to raise money
adverb
4.
in all, in total, all told
un
Common word
interjection
1.
yes, yeah, uh huh
2.
hum, hmmm, well, erm
3.
oof(only relevant for うん)(moan or groan (of pain))
Other readings:
うむ
、ううむ
akusesarii
Common word
noun
1.
accessory (fashion), jewelry
2.
accessory (audio, car, camera, etc.)
Other readings:
アクセサリ
adverbial noun, noun (temporal)
•
lunch break, noon recess, noon rest period
noun
1.
flavor, flavour, taste
2.
charm, appeal, uniqueness, attractiveness
3.
experience, taste (e.g. of victory)
na-adjective
4.
smart, clever, witty, strange
See also:味な
noun
1.
intention, plan(usually kana)
2.
conviction, belief(usually kana)
Other readings:
つもり《積り》
Ichidan verb, intransitive verb
1.
to be late, to be delayed, to fall behind schedule, to be overdue(usu. 遅れる)
2.
to fall behind (in a race, one's studies, etc.), to lag behind, to be behind (the times)(oft. 後れる)
3.
to be bereaved of, to be preceded by (someone) in death(oft. 後れる)
4.
to be slow (of a clock or watch)
Other readings:
後れる【おくれる】
noun
1.
island
2.
one's territory (e.g. of a sex worker, organized crime gang), one's turf(usually kana)
See also:縄張り (なわばり)
Other readings:
嶋【しま】
Ichidan verb, intransitive verb
1.
to lose, to be defeated
2.
to succumb, to give in, to surrender, to yield(only relevant for 負ける)
3.
to be inferior to(only relevant for 負ける)
4.
to break out in a rash due to (e.g. lacquer, shaving, etc.)(only relevant for 負ける)
See also:気触れる (かぶれる)
Ichidan verb, transitive verb
5.
to reduce the price, to give a discount, to throw in (something extra) for free(only relevant for 負ける)
Other readings:
敗ける【まける】
、敗北る【まける】[1]
Notes:
- word containing irregular kanji usage
Godan-u verb, intransitive verb
1.
to come together, to merge, to unite, to meet
2.
to fit, to match, to suit, to agree with, to be correct
3.
to be profitable, to be equitable
auxiliary verb, Godan-u verb
4.
to do ... to each other, to do ... together(after the -masu stem of a verb)
Other readings:
合う【おう】[1]
Notes:
- word containing irregular kana usage
no-adjective, noun
1.
international
noun
2.
diplomatic intercourse(obsolete)
Godan-ru verb, transitive verb
•
to pray, to wish
Other readings:
祷る【いのる】
noun
1.
form, shape, figure(only relevant for 形 and 容)
2.
visage
Other readings:
容【かたち】
、容【よう】
、貌【かたち】
noun
1.
force, strength, might, vigour, vigor, energy
2.
capability, ability, proficiency, capacity, faculty
3.
efficacy, effect
4.
effort, endeavours, endeavors, exertions
5.
power, authority, influence, good offices, agency
6.
support, help, aid, assistance
See also:力になる
7.
stress, emphasis
8.
means, resources
noun
1.
thanks, gratitude(polite language)
2.
manners, etiquette(polite language)
3.
bow(polite language)
4.
reward, gift(polite language)
5.
ceremony, ritual(polite language)
Other readings:
御礼【おれい】
、御礼【おんれい】
noun
•
electric light
Other readings:
電燈【でんとう】[1]
Notes:
- word containing out-dated kanji
adjective
1.
soft, tender, pliant, supple, limber, limp
2.
gentle, mild, mellow
3.
informal, light, flexible (e.g. thinking)
Other readings:
軟らかい【やわらかい】
、柔かい【やわらかい】[1]
Notes:
- irregular okurigana usage
Godan-ru verb, intransitive verb
1.
to go by, to go past, to go along, to travel along, to pass through, to use (a road), to take (a route), to go via, to go by way of
2.
to run (between; of a rail service, bus route, etc.), to operate (between), to connect
3.
to go indoors, to go into a room, to be admitted, to be shown in, to be ushered in, to come in
4.
to penetrate, to pierce, to skewer, to go through, to come through
5.
to permeate, to soak into, to spread throughout
6.
to carry (e.g. of a voice), to reach far
7.
to be passed on (e.g. of a customer's order to the kitchen), to be relayed, to be conveyed
8.
to pass (a test, a bill in the House, etc.), to be approved, to be accepted
9.
to go by (a name), to be known as, to be accepted as, to have a reputation for
10.
to be coherent, to be logical, to be reasonable, to be comprehensible, to be understandable, to make sense
11.
to get across (e.g. of one's point), to be understood
12.
to pass for, to come across as, to seem like
13.
to be straight (e.g. wood grain)
14.
to be well-informed, to be wise(archaism)
suffix, Godan-ru verb
15.
to do ... completely, to do ... thoroughly(after the -masu stem of a verb)
Other readings:
徹る【とおる】
、透る【とおる】
Godan-ru verb, intransitive verb
•
to remain, to be left
Other readings:
遺る【のこる】
Ichidan verb, intransitive verb
1.
to fall (over, down), to collapse, to take a fall, to topple
2.
to be destroyed (in a collapse), to collapse, to cave in, to crumble, to give away
3.
to be confined to bed (with an illness), to come down with, to break down (e.g. from overwork)
4.
to die, to be killed
5.
to go bankrupt (of a company, bank, etc.), to fail, to collapse, to go under
6.
to be defeated (in a game), to lose
7.
to fall (of a government, dictator, etc.), to be overthrown
noun, auxillary suru verb
•
preparation, arrangements, provision, getting ready, laying out (e.g. a meal)
Godan-mu verb, intransitive verb
1.
to advance, to go forward
2.
to precede, to go ahead (of)
3.
to make progress, to improve
4.
to deepen, to heighten
5.
to be fast (of a clock), to be ahead
6.
to do of one's own free will
See also:進んで
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