Vocabulary list for JLPT N4
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Godan-su verb, intransitive verb
•
to begin to rain, to begin to snow
Other readings:
降りだす【ふりだす】
Ichidan verb, intransitive verb
1.
to get dirty, to become dirty
2.
to become sullied, to become corrupted, to lose one's chastity
See also:汚れる (けがれる)
noun
•
employee (of a store), shop assistant, clerk, salesperson
Other readings:
店員【ていいん】[1]
Notes:
- word containing irregular kana usage
noun
1.
insect, bug, cricket, moth
2.
worm, roundworm
3.
one's emotions, one's feelings
See also:虫を殺す (むしをころす)
4.
nervousness, fretfulness
See also:虫気 (むしけ)
5.
person devoted to one thing, single-minded person
See also:本の虫 (ほんのむし)
6.
valve core
Other readings:
蟲【むし】[1]
Notes:
- word containing out-dated kanji
noun, auxillary suru verb
1.
competition, contest, rivalry, race
2.
competition (between organisms or species)(biology term)
sorosoro
Common word
adverb, to-adverb
1.
slowly, quietly, steadily, gradually, gingerly(onomatopia)
2.
soon, momentarily, before long, any time now(onomatopia)
Other readings:
ソロソロ
noun, auxillary suru verb
•
cause, origin, source
Other readings:
原因【げいいん】[1]
Notes:
- word containing irregular kana usage
hakkiri
Common word
adverb, to-adverb
1.
clearly, plainly, distinctly(onomatopia)
auxillary suru verb
2.
to be clear, to be definite, to be certain, to be exact, to become clear, to clear up(often as はっきりした)
Other readings:
ハッキリ
adverb, to-adverb, auxillary suru verb
1.
tightly (holding on), firmly, securely(usually kana, onomatopia)
2.
strongly (built), solidly, sturdily, steadily(usually kana, onomatopia)
3.
properly, well, sufficiently, hard (working, etc.), fully, completely(usually kana, onomatopia)
4.
reliably, dependably, levelheadedly, shrewdly, wisely, cleverly(usually kana, onomatopia)
Other readings:
しっかり《聢り》
Ichidan verb, intransitive verb
•
to grow cold (from room temperature, e.g. in refrigerator), to get chilly, to cool down
adjective
1.
hard, solid, tough(esp. 固い and 堅い for wood, 硬い for metal and stone)
2.
stiff, tight, wooden, unpolished (e.g. writing)
3.
strong, firm (not viscous or easily moved)
4.
safe, steady, honest, steadfast
5.
obstinate, stubborn
6.
bookish, formal, stuffy
Other readings:
固い【かたい】
、堅い【かたい】
、緊い【かたい】[1]
Notes:
- word containing irregular kanji usage
Ichidan verb, transitive verb
1.
to change, to alter, to transform, to convert, to turn, to vary
2.
to reform, to revise, to amend
dakara
Common word
conjunction
1.
so, therefore, accordingly, consequently, on those grounds, that is why, for that reason
See also:ですから
expression
2.
like I said, I told you already(at the start of a sentence)
noun
1.
(my) wife(humble language)(only relevant for かない)
2.
inside the home, one's family
Other readings:
家内【やうち】[1]
Notes:
- out-dated or obsolete kana usage
paato
Common word
expression, interjection, adverb
•
I see, that's right, indeed(usually kana)
Other readings:
なるほど《成る程》
、なるほど《成程》
、なるほど《成るほど》
、ナルホド
noun
•
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard, reason, cause, meaning, circumstances, situation(usually kana)
Godan-ru verb, transitive verb
1.
to send (a thing), to dispatch, to despatch, to transmit
2.
to take or escort (a person somewhere), to see off (a person)
3.
to bid farewell (to the departed), to bury
4.
to spend (time), to live one's life
5.
to pass (down the line)
6.
to affix okurigana
See also:送り仮名
Godan-ru verb, intransitive verb
•
to remain, to be left
Other readings:
遺る【のこる】
Godan-ru verb, intransitive verb
1.
to rise, to go up, to come up, to ascend, to be raised
2.
to enter (esp. from outdoors), to come in, to go in
3.
to enter (a school), to advance to the next grade
4.
to get out (of water), to come ashore
5.
to increase(also written as 騰る in ref. to price)
6.
to improve, to make progress
7.
to be promoted, to advance
8.
to be made (of profit, etc.)
9.
to occur (esp. of a favourable result)
10.
to be adequate (to cover expenses, etc.)(often as 〜で上がる)
11.
to be finished, to be done, to be over
12.
(of rain) to stop, to lift
13.
to stop (working properly), to cut out, to give out, to die
14.
to win (in a card game, etc.)
15.
to be arrested(only relevant for 挙がる)
16.
to turn up (of evidence, etc.)(only relevant for 挙がる)
17.
to be deep fried(only relevant for 揚がる)
18.
to be spoken loudly
19.
to get nervous, to get stage fright
20.
to be offered (to the gods, etc.)
21.
to go, to visit(humble language)
22.
to eat, to drink(honorific language)
23.
to be listed (as a candidate)(esp. 挙がる)
24.
to serve (in one's master's home)
25.
to go north(in Kyoto)
suffix, Godan-ru verb
26.
Other readings:
揚がる【あがる】
、挙がる【あがる】
、上る【あがる】[1]
Notes:
- irregular okurigana usage
kedo
Common word
conjunction, particle
•
but, however, although
All readings:
けど
、けれど
、けれども
、けども
、けんど
Ichidan verb, intransitive verb
1.
to be late, to be delayed, to fall behind schedule, to be overdue(usu. 遅れる)
2.
to fall behind (in a race, one's studies, etc.), to lag behind, to be behind (the times)(oft. 後れる)
3.
to be bereaved of, to be preceded by (someone) in death(oft. 後れる)
4.
to be slow (of a clock or watch)
Other readings:
後れる【おくれる】
adjective
1.
deep
2.
profound
3.
dense, thick
4.
close (relationship)
5.
intense, strong
6.
late
noun, auxillary suru verb
•
preparation, arrangements, provision, getting ready, laying out (e.g. a meal)
Godan-ku verb, intransitive verb
1.
to open (e.g. doors)(esp. 開く)
2.
to open (e.g. business, etc.)(esp. 開く)
3.
to be empty(esp. 空く)
4.
to be vacant, to be available, to be free(esp. 空く)
5.
to be open (e.g. neckline, etc.)(esp. 明く)
6.
to have been opened (of one's eyes, mouth, etc.)(esp. 明く)
7.
to come to an end(esp. 明く)
Godan-ku verb, transitive verb
8.
to open (one's eyes, mouth, etc.)(esp. 明く)
Godan-ku verb, intransitive verb
9.
to have a hole, to form a gap, to have an interval (between events)
See also:穴が開く
All readings:
開く【あく】
、空く【あく】
、明く【あく】
noun
1.
woods, forest, copse, thicket
2.
bunch, line (of something), collection
Common word
expression, Godan-ru verb
1.
2.
to try to(after the -te form of a verb)
Other readings:
御覧になる【ごらんになる】
、ご覧に成る【ごらんになる】
、御覧に成る【ごらんになる】
noun
1.
tool, implement, instrument, utensil, apparatus, device
2.
means
3.
furniture
See also:家具 (かぐ)
Ichidan verb, intransitive verb
•
to increase, to multiply(殖える usu. refers to population growth or capital appreciation)
Other readings:
殖える【ふえる】
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