Vocabulary list for JLPT N1
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noun, auxillary suru verb
•
gargling, rinsing one's mouth
All readings:
含嗽【がんそう】
、含嗽【うがい】[1]
、含漱【がんそう】
Notes:
- gikun (meaning as reading) or jukujikun (special kanji reading)
noun, auxillary suru verb
1.
retreat, falling back, moving backwards, reversing, retrogression, retraction
2.
recession, waning
noun
3.
backspace (key)(computer term)
Godan-ru verb, transitive verb
•
to follow (road), to pursue (course), to follow up, to follow (hyperlink)(usually kana)
Ichidan verb, transitive verb
1.
to harden, to freeze, to strengthen, to solidify, to make (a fist), to tramp down (snow, dirt)
See also:土を固める (つちをかためる)
2.
to put together, to collect, to gather, to consolidate
3.
to make secure, to stabilize, to settle down, to strengthen (belief, resolution, etc.), to establish (evidence)
See also:身を固める (みをかためる)
4.
to fortify, to reinforce, to support
5.
to wear for a specific purpose (armor, coat, etc.)(in the form に身をかためる)
6.
to swear, to resolutely vow, to sincerely promise
7.
to tie tightly, to fasten
8.
to hold a bow fully drawn
Other readings:
堅める【かためる】[1]
Notes:
- word containing irregular kanji usage
Common word
Godan-ru verb, intransitive verb
1.
to swell, to rise, to bulge, to be piled up
2.
to rouse, to get excited
Other readings:
盛りあがる【もりあがる】
、盛り上る【もりあがる】
、盛上がる【もりあがる】
、盛上る【もりあがる】
Common word
adjective
•
shabby, seedy(usually kana)
All readings:
みすぼらしい《見窄らしい》
、みすぼらしい《見すぼらしい》
noun, auxillary suru verb
•
burn, scald(usually kana)
All readings:
やけど《火傷》
、かしょう《火傷》
Godan-ru verb, intransitive verb
•
to abate, to weaken, to be emaciated, to be dejected, to be perplexed
noun, auxillary suru verb
1.
use, adoption, acceptance
2.
appointment, employment, engagement, recruitment
Godan-gu verb, transitive verb
1.
to tear off, to peel off, to rip off, to strip off, to skin, to flay, to bark
2.
to strip of (clothes, rank, etc.), to deprive of, to divest of(only relevant for はぐ)
Other readings:
剥ぐ【へぐ】
、剝ぐ【へぐ】
、折ぐ【へぐ】
noun
1.
2.
messenger, bearer, errand boy, errand girl(polite language)
3.
familiar spirit(polite language, honorific language)
Other readings:
御使い【おつかい】
、お遣い【おつかい】
、御遣い【おつかい】
、お使【おつかい】[1]
、御使【おつかい】[1]
Notes:
- irregular okurigana usage
adjective
•
refreshing (e.g. feeling, scene, wind, morning air), brisk, bracing, fresh, refreshed
Other readings:
清清しい【すがすがしい】
noun, no-adjective
•
ancestral, hereditary, imported, transmitted, handed down
noun, auxillary suru verb
•
regulation, (traffic) policing, control, restriction
zerii
Common word
noun
1.
jello (gelatin-based dessert), jelly(food term)(also written as 車厘)
2.
gel, jelly
Other readings:
ジェリー
、ジェリィ
Godan-mu verb, transitive verb
1.
to cut into (a line, conversation, etc.), to force oneself into (e.g. a crowd), to wedge oneself into, to squeeze oneself into, to intrude on, to interrupt
2.
to fall below (of stock prices, sales, etc.), to drop below
Other readings:
割込む【わりこむ】
、割りこむ【わりこむ】
、わり込む【わりこむ】
Godan-su verb, transitive verb
•
to take back, to regain, to get back, to recover
Other readings:
取戻す【とりもどす】
、とり戻す【とりもどす】
Ichidan verb, transitive verb
•
to give an order, to place an order, to have made to order(usually kana)
noun, na-adjective
•
predominance, superiority, ascendancy, advantage, supremacy
na-adjective
•
smooth, undisturbed, uninterrupted, harmonious
Other readings:
円滑【えんこつ】[1]
Notes:
- word containing irregular kana usage
noun, auxillary suru verb
•
collection (of fees, taxes, etc.), levy
Godan-su verb, transitive verb
•
to look out over, to survey (scene), to take an extensive view of
Other readings:
見わたす【みわたす】
noun
•
karuta, traditional Japanese playing cards(usually kana)
All readings:
かるた《歌留多》[1]
、かるた《骨牌》[1]
、かるた《加留多》[1]
、かるた《嘉留太》[1]
、かるた《軽板》[1][2]
、かるた《軽多》[1][2]
、カルタ
Notes:
- ateji (phonetic) reading
- word containing out-dated kanji
Godan-mu verb, intransitive verb, transitive verb
1.
to push into, to cram into, to stuff into, to crowd into
Godan-mu verb, transitive verb
2.
to break in, to burgle, to burglarize
Other readings:
押しこむ【おしこむ】
buruu
Common word
noun, na-adjective
1.
blue (colour, color)
na-adjective
2.
sad, down (in the dumps)
expression, adverb
1.
still more, to say nothing of, not to mention(usually kana)
2.
still less(usually kana)(with neg. verb)
Other readings:
まして《増して》
noun, auxillary suru verb
1.
rebuilding, reconstruction, rehabilitation
2.
protoform reconstruction(linguistics)
Ichidan verb, intransitive verb
1.
to shine, to glow(only relevant for はえる)
2.
to look attractive, to look nice, to be set off (by)(ばえる, バエる are colloquial)
Other readings:
映える【ばえる】
、栄える【はえる】
、栄える【ばえる】
、バエる
Ichidan verb, transitive verb
•
to reflect on (oneself, past conduct, etc.), to contemplate, to examine, to think over, to introspect
See also:顧みる
Ichidan verb, intransitive verb
•
to escape
Other readings:
遁れる【のがれる】
noun
1.
starting point, origin, beginning
2.
origin (of coordinate axes)(mathematics)
3.
datum point
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