Vocabulary list for JLPT N1
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Ichidan verb, transitive verb
1.
to harden, to freeze, to strengthen, to solidify, to make (a fist), to tramp down (snow, dirt)
See also:土を固める (つちをかためる)
2.
to put together, to collect, to gather, to consolidate
3.
to make secure, to stabilize, to settle down, to strengthen (belief, resolution, etc.), to establish (evidence)
See also:身を固める (みをかためる)
4.
to fortify, to reinforce, to support
5.
to wear for a specific purpose (armor, coat, etc.)(in the form に身をかためる)
6.
to swear, to resolutely vow, to sincerely promise
7.
to tie tightly, to fasten
8.
to hold a bow fully drawn
Other readings:
堅める【かためる】[1]
Notes:
- word containing irregular kanji usage
adverb
•
even if, no matter (what), if, though, although, supposing, supposing that, -ever(usually kana)(often paired with ても, でも, and とも)
Other readings:
たとえ《縦え》
、たとえ《縦令》
、たとい《仮令》
、たとい《縦令》
besuto
Common word
na-adjective, no-adjective
1.
best(only relevant for ベスト)
noun
2.
vest
Other readings:
ヴェスト
Godan-ru verb, transitive verb
•
to boast of, to be proud of, to take pride in
noun, auxillary suru verb
1.
moving forward (e.g. vehicle), onward movement
2.
advance (work, procedure, etc.), advancement, progress
3.
progress (of a disease), disease progression
noun
4.
progression (harmonic, melodic)(music term)
noun
•
tone color, tone colour, tone quality, timbre
Other readings:
音色【おんしょく】
、音いろ【ねいろ】
Godan-ru verb, transitive verb
•
to pluck, to pick, to tear
Other readings:
挘る【むしる】
expression, adverb
1.
above anything else, above all, more than anything
expression, no-adjective, noun
2.
best, greatest, excellent, wonderful, most important
adjective
•
refreshing (e.g. feeling, scene, wind, morning air), brisk, bracing, fresh, refreshed
Other readings:
清清しい【すがすがしい】
counter
1.
counter for small animals(only relevant for ひき)
2.
counter for rolls of cloth (two han in size)
3.
counter for horses(archaism)(only relevant for き)
noun
4.
roll of cloth
Other readings:
匹【き】
、疋【ひき】
、疋【き】
noun
1.
hit
2.
success
3.
guess, prediction
4.
affability, friendliness
5.
sensation, touch
6.
bruise (on fruit)
7.
situation in which a stone or chain of stones may be captured on the next move (in the game of go)
8.
suffix
9.
per, each
Other readings:
当り【あたり】
、中り【あたり】
、中たり【あたり】
noun
1.
route, course, path
2.
one's future course (e.g. after graduating high school)
Godan-su verb, transitive verb
1.
to finish, to get it over with, to conclude
2.
to settle, to pay back
3.
noun
1.
substance, essence
no-adjective
2.
real (in economics, vs. nominal, e.g. real interest rate), substantive, substantial, essential, tangible
pronoun
1.
interjection
2.
let me see, well now(usually kana)
noun, auxillary suru verb
1.
investigation (e.g. into someone's guilt), questioning, pressing, hounding, pinning down
2.
catching up, overtaking
Godan-ku verb, intransitive verb
1.
to step back, to move back, to retreat
2.
to withdraw (from the presence of a superior), to leave, to exit
3.
to resign, to retire, to quit
4.
to concede
Other readings:
退く【しぞく】[1]
、斥く【しりぞく】
、斥く【しぞく】[1]
Notes:
- out-dated or obsolete kana usage
noun
1.
effect, virtue, efficacy, impression
2.
one's dominant eye(only relevant for 利き目 and きき眼 and 利目)
Other readings:
利き目【ききめ】
、きき眼【ききめ】
、効目【ききめ】
、利目【ききめ】
noun, auxillary suru verb, no-adjective
•
composite, combined, complex
noun, auxillary suru verb
•
recognition, awareness, perception, understanding, knowledge, cognition, cognizance, cognisance
na-adjective
1.
tender, warm, caring, thoughtful
2.
meticulous, detailed, attentive
3.
deep (of a colour), thick (e.g. fog)
Other readings:
濃やか【こまやか】
noun, auxillary suru verb
•
establishment, founding, organization, organisation
Ichidan verb, intransitive verb
•
to serve, to work for, to attend
Other readings:
事える【つかえる】
noun, na-adjective
•
dissatisfaction, discontent, disapproval, objection, complaint, protest, disagreement
noun, noun (suffix)
1.
investigation, inspection, examination
2.
tune, note, melody
Godan-u verb, transitive verb
1.
to handle, to operate (a machine, etc.), to use
2.
to deal with (an issue), to manage
3.
to treat (someone), to deal with (someone)
4.
to deal in, to carry, to sell
Other readings:
取扱う【とりあつかう】
noun, auxillary suru verb, no-adjective
•
revision (of text), alteration, change
See also:改定
noun
•
umeboshi, pickled dried ume, pickled dried plum
All readings:
梅干し【うめぼし】
、梅干【うめぼし】
noun, auxillary suru verb
•
degeneration, retrogression
noun
•
spurious article, forgery, counterfeit, imitation, sham
All readings:
偽物【にせもの】
、偽物【にせもん】
、偽物【ぎぶつ】
、贋物【にせもの】
、贋物【にせもん】
、贋物【がんぶつ】
、ニセ物【ニセもの】
、ニセ物【ニセもん】
、にせ物【にせもの】
、にせ物【にせもん】
、ニセモノ
、ニセモン
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