Vocabulary list for JLPT N1
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Godan-gu verb, transitive verb
1.
to endure, to keep out (e.g. rain), to stave off (e.g. starvation)
2.
to pull through, to get over, to survive
3.
to surpass, to outdo, to excel, to eclipse, to defy, to slight
noun
1.
fallen leaves, leaf litter, falling leaves
noun, auxillary suru verb
2.
leaf fall, dropping leaves, defoliation(only relevant for らくよう)
no-adjective
3.
deciduous(only relevant for らくよう)
Other readings:
落葉【おちば】
、落葉【らくよう】
adjective
1.
gloomy (e.g. mood), depressing(usually kana)
2.
irritating, troublesome(usually kana)
3.
heavy (weather), cloudy(usually kana)
Other readings:
うっとおしい《鬱陶しい》[1]
Notes:
- word containing irregular kana usage
Godan-ku verb, transitive verb
1.
to build, to construct, to erect
2.
to amass (e.g. fortune), to pile up
adjective
1.
brittle, fragile, weak, frail(usually kana)
2.
tender-hearted, sentimental, easily moved(usually kana)
adjective
•
unsatisfying, disappointing, abrupt, not enough, too quick, too short, over too soon(usually kana)
noun
•
light, lamp, torch
All readings:
灯【ひ】
、灯【ともしび】
、灯火【とうか】
、灯火【ともしび】
、灯し火【ともしび】[1]
、燭【ともしび】
、燈火【とうか】
、燈火【ともしび】
、ともし火【ともしび】
Notes:
- irregular okurigana usage
noun, no-adjective
1.
orphan
noun
2.
person without friends(only relevant for こじ)
Other readings:
孤児【みなしご】
、孤【みなしご】
、みなし子【みなしご】
adverb
1.
already, now(usually kana)
2.
no longer, not any more(usually kana)(with negative verb)
Godan-ku verb, transitive verb
1.
to breathe out, to breathe(usually kana)
2.
to tell (a lie), to use (foul language)(usually kana)
3.
Ichidan verb, intransitive verb
1.
to take the form of (esp. in ref. to a spirit, fox, raccoon dog, etc.), to assume the shape of, to turn oneself into, to transform oneself into
2.
to disguise oneself as
3.
to change radically, to metamorphose
4.
to improve unexpectedly and dramatically (esp. of an actor, artist, rikishi, etc.)
noun, auxillary suru verb
1.
shaking, trembling, pitching, rolling, oscillation
2.
disturbance, unrest, agitation, excitement, commotion, turmoil, discomposure, feeling shaken
noun
•
something heard for the first time, hearing something for the first time
noun
1.
specific gravity, relative density(physics term)
2.
relative importance, weight
na-adjective, noun
•
wise, sensible, well-advised, intelligent, sagacious, prudent
Godan-ru verb, intransitive verb
1.
to cross, to intersect, to join, to meet
2.
to associate with, to mingle with, to consort with
3.
to have a sexual relationship, to copulate
Common word
Ichidan verb, transitive verb
•
to join together, to combine, to join up
Other readings:
組合わせる【くみあわせる】
、組み合せる【くみあわせる】
、組合せる【くみあわせる】
adverb, noun
1.
immediately, at once, right away, directly(usually kana)
2.
soon, before long, shortly(usually kana)
3.
easily, readily, without difficulty(usually kana)
4.
right (near), nearby, just (handy)(usually kana)
na-adjective
5.
honest, upright, frank, straightforward(usually kana)
Godan-ru verb, transitive verb
1.
to make, to produce, to manufacture, to build, to construct(造る usu. for large-scale building, manufacturing, etc.; 創る usu. for creating)
2.
to prepare (food), to brew (alcohol)
3.
to raise, to grow, to cultivate, to train
See also:野菜を作る
4.
to till
5.
to draw up (a document), to make out, to prepare, to write
6.
to create (an artistic work, etc.), to compose
7.
to coin (a phrase), to organize, to organise, to establish, to found
8.
to have (a child)
9.
to make up (one's face, etc.)
10.
to fabricate (an excuse, etc.)
11.
to give a (false) appearance, to feign (a smile, etc.), to put on a show of emotion
12.
to form (a line, etc.)
13.
to set (a record)
14.
to commit (a sin, etc.)
All readings:
作る【つくる】
、造る【つくる】
、創る【つくる】
Ichidan verb, intransitive verb
•
to turn, to shift, to alter, to distract
noun
1.
2.
(classical) element (e.g. earth, water, air, fire)
3.
origin, source(archaism)
Other readings:
原素【げんそ】
noun
1.
inside out, upside down
2.
flip side, opposite, contrary, reverse
Godan-u verb, intransitive verb
1.
to meet (by chance), to come across, to run across, to encounter, to happen upon(出遭う usu. has a negative connotation)
2.
to meet (e.g. of rivers, highways, etc.)(only relevant for 出会う and 出合う)(esp. 出合う)
3.
to emerge and engage (an enemy)(only relevant for 出会う and 出合う)(often used imperatively as 出会え)
All readings:
出会う【であう】
、出逢う【であう】
、出合う【であう】
、出遭う【であう】
、出あう【であう】
Godan-ku verb, intransitive verb
1.
to incline toward, to slant, to lurch, to heel over, to be disposed to, to trend toward, to be prone to
2.
to go down (sun), to wane, to sink, to decline
All readings:
傾く【かたむく】
、傾く【かたぶく】[1]
Notes:
- out-dated or obsolete kana usage
Ichidan verb, intransitive verb
1.
to learn by experience, to learn one's lesson, to learn the hard way
2.
to be discouraged (by), to have enough (of), to be disgusted (with)
noun, auxillary suru verb
•
report, return (e.g. tax), statement, declaration, notification, filing
Godan-ru verb, transitive verb
•
to bite off, to gnaw through
Other readings:
かみ切る【かみきる】
noun, no-adjective
1.
solid body, three-dimensional object
noun
2.
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