Vocabulary list for JLPT N1
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Ichidan verb, transitive verb
1.
to harden, to freeze, to strengthen, to solidify, to make (a fist), to tramp down (snow, dirt)
See also:土を固める (つちをかためる)
2.
to put together, to collect, to gather, to consolidate
3.
to make secure, to stabilize, to settle down, to strengthen (belief, resolution, etc.), to establish (evidence)
See also:身を固める (みをかためる)
4.
to fortify, to reinforce, to support
5.
to wear for a specific purpose (armor, coat, etc.)(in the form に身をかためる)
6.
to swear, to resolutely vow, to sincerely promise
7.
to tie tightly, to fasten
8.
to hold a bow fully drawn
Other readings:
堅める【かためる】[1]
Notes:
- word containing irregular kanji usage
noun, auxillary suru verb
•
stagnation, tie-up, standstill, congestion, delay, accumulation, falling into arrears
noun
•
(oral) message, declaration, hearsay, rumour, rumor
Other readings:
言伝て【ことづて】
、言づて【ことづて】
Ichidan verb, intransitive verb
1.
to get twisted, to get crooked, to get warped(usually kana)
2.
to become twisted (of a mind, relationship, etc.), to become warped, to become perverse, to become contrary(usually kana)
3.
to become troubled, to become complicated, to become strained(usually kana)
All readings:
ねじれる《捩れる》
、ねじれる《捻れる》
、ねじれる《拗れる》
、ねじれる《捻じれる》
、ねじれる《捩じれる》
na-adjective, noun
•
quick, fast, rapid, swift, prompt, streamlined, expedited, expeditious
Godan-mu verb, intransitive verb
1.
to spring, to bound, to bounce
2.
to be stimulated, to be encouraged, to get lively
Godan-mu verb, transitive verb
3.
to pay handsomely, to splurge, to part eagerly with (money, etc.)
Godan-mu verb, intransitive verb
4.
to breathe hard, to pant, to be out of breath
See also:息が弾む (いきがはずむ)
Other readings:
勢む【はずむ】
noun
•
paper patch, paper backing, poster, sticker, label
Other readings:
貼り紙【はりがみ】
、はり紙【はりがみ】
、張紙【はりがみ】
、貼紙【はりがみ】[1]
Notes:
- irregular okurigana usage
noun
1.
manners, customs
2.
sex service, sex industry, sex-oriented entertainment
Other readings:
フーゾク
noun, auxillary suru verb, no-adjective
•
multi-use, combined use, combination, serving two purposes
Godan-ru verb, intransitive verb
1.
to make a mistake, to err
2.
to mislead, to misguide
Other readings:
謬る【あやまる】
noun, auxillary suru verb
•
monitoring, watching, observation, surveillance, guarding, supervision, lookout
noun
1.
ladder(usually kana)
2.
stairs(usually kana)
noun, auxillary suru verb
3.
going to several places in succession (e.g. barhopping)(usually kana)(only relevant for はしご and ハシゴ)
All readings:
はしご《梯子》
、はしご《階子》
、はしご《梯》
、ていし《梯子》
、ハシゴ
noun
•
something heard for the first time, hearing something for the first time
noun, no-adjective
•
interval, break, pause, spare moment
Other readings:
合い間【あいま】[1]
Notes:
- irregular okurigana usage
noun
•
kotatsu, table over an electric heater (orig. a charcoal brazier in a floor well) with a hanging quilt that retains heat(usually kana)
All readings:
こたつ《炬燵》
、こたつ《火燵》
、コタツ
noun, no-adjective
1.
substance, real form
2.
main part, main unit, body (of a machine)
noun
3.
this machine, this appliance
noun, no-adjective
4.
object of worship (at a shrine, temple, etc.)
5.
noumenon
noun
6.
Other readings:
本体【ほんだい】[1]
Notes:
- out-dated or obsolete kana usage
noun
1.
groundwork, foundation
2.
inclination, aptitude, elementary knowledge (of), grounding (in)
3.
undercoat, first coat
4.
soy sauce
See also:お下地
Godan-ku verb, transitive verb, intransitive verb
1.
to lament, to grieve, to regret
Godan-ku verb, transitive verb
2.
to deplore
Other readings:
歎く【なげく】
noun, auxillary suru verb, no-adjective
•
taking on one's share (e.g. of work), dividing (work, expenses, etc.) between, apportionment, allotment, allocation, assignment
noun
1.
platform, podium, rostrum, pulpit
2.
(ceremonial) mound
noun (suffix)
3.
world (of haiku, art, etc.), (literary) circles
noun
4.
mandala(archaism)
noun
1.
specific gravity, relative density(physics term)
2.
relative importance, weight
Ichidan verb, intransitive verb
•
to serve, to work for, to attend
Other readings:
事える【つかえる】
noun, suffix
1.
side (of something, or taking someone's side), part
2.
(watch) case
Other readings:
側【かわ】
Godan-ru verb, intransitive verb
1.
to fit into (a box, frame, category, etc.), to be contained within, to fall within (e.g. a budget)
2.
to settle down (into), to be installed (in one's rightful place), to be returned (to one's original position)
3.
to settle into (one's position), to take up (a post), to occupy (a role)(esp. 納まる)
4.
to be delivered, to be paid (e.g. taxes)(only relevant for 納まる)
5.
to be settled (dispute, conflict, etc.), to be sorted, to subside (e.g. wind), to calm down, to abate(only relevant for 収まる)
See also:治まる
6.
to be satisfied (e.g. with an answer), to consent, to agree
Other readings:
納まる【おさまる】
shibutoi
adjective
•
tenacious, tough, enduring, dogged, headstrong, stubborn, obstinate, unyielding
na-adjective
1.
faint, dim, weak, slight, vague, indistinct, hazy(usually kana)
2.
poor, wretched, meagre, meager, scanty(usually kana)
Other readings:
かすか《幽か》
noun, auxillary suru verb
•
groping (for), fumbling around (for), searching (for an answer, solution, etc.), trying to find
Other readings:
摸索【もさく】
adverb
•
as much as possible, as far as possible, to the best of one's ability, diligently
Other readings:
勉めて【つとめて】
、力めて【つとめて】
Godan-mu verb, intransitive verb
1.
to entangle, to entwine
2.
to pick a quarrel, to find fault
3.
to be involved with, to be influenced by, to develop a connection with
Other readings:
搦む【からむ】
conjunction
•
and, as well as
Other readings:
及【および】[1]
Notes:
- irregular okurigana usage
noun, no-adjective
1.
noun
2.
torso, trunk
3.
build, physique, constitution
noun, no-adjective
4.
health
noun
5.
corpse, dead body
All readings:
体【からだ】
、身体【からだ】
、躰【からだ】
、躯【からだ】
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