Vocabulary list for JLPT N1
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Ichidan verb, transitive verb
1.
to harden, to freeze, to strengthen, to solidify, to make (a fist), to tramp down (snow, dirt)
See also:土を固める (つちをかためる)
2.
to put together, to collect, to gather, to consolidate
3.
to make secure, to stabilize, to settle down, to strengthen (belief, resolution, etc.), to establish (evidence)
See also:身を固める (みをかためる)
4.
to fortify, to reinforce, to support
5.
to wear for a specific purpose (armor, coat, etc.)(in the form に身をかためる)
6.
to swear, to resolutely vow, to sincerely promise
7.
to tie tightly, to fasten
8.
to hold a bow fully drawn
Other readings:
堅める【かためる】[1]
Notes:
- word containing irregular kanji usage
na-adjective
•
mild, calm, gentle, quiet, congenial, amicable, amiable, friendly, genial, harmonious, peaceful
no-adjective
•
domestic, domestically-produced, produced within a country
noun, noun (suffix)
1.
sound, noise, report
2.
note(music term)
3.
fame(only relevant for おと)
4.
All readings:
音【おと】
、音【ね】
、音【おん】
noun
•
father and mother, parents
All readings:
父母【ふぼ】
、父母【ちちはは】
、父母【ててはは】[1]
、父母【かぞいろは】[1]
、父母【ぶも】[1]
、父母【かぞいろ】[1]
Notes:
- out-dated or obsolete kana usage
noun
•
application, entry, request, subscription, offer, proposal, overture, challenge
Other readings:
申込み【もうしこみ】
、申込【もうしこみ】
noun, auxillary suru verb
•
same feeling, same sentiment, same opinion, sympathy, agreement, concurrence
noun, no-adjective
•
national border, provincial border
All readings:
国境【こっきょう】
、国境【くにざかい】
、国界【こっきょう】
、国界【くにざかい】
、国界【こっかい】[1]
、国堺【こっきょう】
、国堺【くにざかい】
、国堺【こっかい】[1]
Notes:
- out-dated or obsolete kana usage
noun
1.
germ, germs, bacteria, mold, mould(colloquialism)
2.
something harmful, vermin(used figuratively)
All readings:
ばい菌【ばいきん】
、バイ菌【バイきん】
、黴菌【ばいきん】
Ichidan verb, transitive verb
•
to (make something) quiver, to shake, to tremble, to vibrate
conjunction
1.
from ... to, between ... and(usually kana)
2.
or(usually kana)
numeric
1.
three(参 is used in legal documents)
prefix
2.
tri-
All readings:
三【さん】
、三【み】
、3【さん】
、3【み】
、参【さん】
、参【み】
、弎【さん】
、弎【み】
no-adjective, noun
1.
uncivilized, uncivilised, primitive, savage
2.
undeveloped (land), unexplored (territory, field, etc.)
3.
unbloomed (flower)
noun, auxillary suru verb
•
support (e.g. of one's dependents), maintenance
noun, auxillary suru verb, no-adjective
•
praise, glorification, extolment
Other readings:
讚美【さんび】
、讃美【さんび】
noun, auxillary suru verb
•
acknowledgement, acknowledgment, understanding (e.g. "please be understanding of the mess during our renovation"), noting, acceptance
See also:ご了承
Other readings:
諒承【りょうしょう】
、領承【りょうしょう】
noun
1.
amiability, friendliness, affability, sociability
2.
fondness (of someone), affection, liking
See also:愛想を尽かす
3.
compliments, civilities, courtesies, flattery
See also:お愛想
4.
hospitality, special treatment, entertainment
See also:お愛想
5.
bill (at a restaurant), check
See also:お愛想
Other readings:
愛想【あいそう】
noun, no-adjective
1.
emotion, feeling
2.
atmosphere, mood, spirit
All readings:
情緒【じょうちょ】
、情緒【じょうしょ】
Ichidan verb, transitive verb
•
to wager, to bet, to risk, to stake, to gamble
noun
•
eyelid(usually kana)
All readings:
まぶた《瞼》
、まぶた《目蓋》
、まぶた《眼蓋》
、まなぶた《瞼》[1]
Notes:
- out-dated or obsolete kana usage
Ichidan verb, intransitive verb
1.
to rub, to chafe
2.
to wear out, to become worn
3.
to lose one's innocence, to become sly
Other readings:
磨れる【すれる】
、摩れる【すれる】
、擂れる【すれる】
noun, na-adjective, no-adjective
1.
incompetence, inefficiency, inability, incapacity
noun
2.
incompetent person
komyunikeeshon
Common word
noun
•
communication
Other readings:
コミュニケイション
、コミニュケーション[1]
Notes:
- word containing irregular kana usage
noun, no-adjective, auxillary suru verb
•
mixed race, mixed parentage(sensitive)
Godan-u verb, transitive verb
1.
to carry on one's shoulder, to shoulder, to bear
2.
to bear (burden, responsibility, etc.), to take upon oneself
Other readings:
荷う【になう】
、荷なう【になう】
noun
1.
specific gravity, relative density(physics term)
2.
relative importance, weight
na-adjective
1.
faint, dim, weak, slight, vague, indistinct, hazy(usually kana)
2.
poor, wretched, meagre, meager, scanty(usually kana)
Other readings:
かすか《幽か》
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