Vocabulary list for JLPT N1
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suru verb (special), intransitive verb
•
to conform to, to agree with, to be adapted to, to be based on
Other readings:
則する【そくする】
Ichidan verb, transitive verb
1.
to harden, to freeze, to strengthen, to solidify, to make (a fist), to tramp down (snow, dirt)
See also:土を固める (つちをかためる)
2.
to put together, to collect, to gather, to consolidate
3.
to make secure, to stabilize, to settle down, to strengthen (belief, resolution, etc.), to establish (evidence)
See also:身を固める (みをかためる)
4.
to fortify, to reinforce, to support
5.
to wear for a specific purpose (armor, coat, etc.)(in the form に身をかためる)
6.
to swear, to resolutely vow, to sincerely promise
7.
to tie tightly, to fasten
8.
to hold a bow fully drawn
Other readings:
堅める【かためる】[1]
Notes:
- word containing irregular kanji usage
noun
1.
running fast, double time
2.
cantering(also 駈歩)
3.
doing things in a hurry
Other readings:
駆足【かけあし】
、駈け足【かけあし】
、駈足【かけあし】
、かけ足【かけあし】
noun
•
proposal, request, claim, report, notice, offer
All readings:
申し出【もうしで】
、申し出で【もうしいで】
、申出で【もうしいで】
、申出【もうしで】
Godan-gu verb, transitive verb
1.
to join, to piece together, to set (bones)
2.
to graft (onto a tree)
noun
•
evening glow, red sunset, afterglow (of sunset)
Other readings:
夕焼【ゆうやけ】[1]
Notes:
- irregular okurigana usage
noun, auxillary suru verb, no-adjective
•
harmony, accord, reconciliation, agreement
Godan-ku verb, transitive verb
1.
to deceive, to delude, to trick, to fool
2.
to be as ... as ... (e.g. "as bright as day", "as beautiful as a rose")(in form Ａを欺くＢ)
noun
1.
condition, assumption, prerequisite, hypothesis
2.
intention, intent, aim, goal
3.
premise (in logic)
Godan-ru verb, transitive verb
1.
to gnaw, to nibble, to bite, to munch, to crunch(usually kana)
2.
to dabble in, to have a smattering of(usually kana)
All readings:
かじる《齧る》
、かじる《噛る》
、かじる《囓る》
noun
1.
face
2.
surface
3.
mask (esp. a noh or kyogen mask)(only relevant for おもて and もて)
All readings:
面【おもて】
、面【おも】
、面【も】[1]
、面【もて】[1]
Notes:
- out-dated or obsolete kana usage
noun
•
Imperial Palace (of Japan), imperial residence
Other readings:
皇居【こうぎょ】[1]
Notes:
- out-dated or obsolete kana usage
Godan-ru verb, intransitive verb
1.
to be renewed, to change(only relevant for 改まる)
2.
to be improved, to be reformed, to be revised, to be corrected(only relevant for 改まる)
3.
to stand on ceremony, to be formal(only relevant for 改まる)
4.
to take a turn for the worse (of an illness), to take a serious turn
Other readings:
革まる【あらたまる】
noun, noun (suffix)
1.
fortune, riches
2.
goods
noun
3.
Ichidan verb, transitive verb
1.
to tell, to inform, to announce
2.
to indicate, to signal, to mark
noun, noun (suffix)
1.
composition, piece of music, song, track (on a record)
noun
2.
tune, melody, air
3.
enjoyment, fun, interest, pleasure
Godan-ru verb, intransitive verb
1.
to fit into (a box, frame, category, etc.), to be contained within, to fall within (e.g. a budget)
2.
to settle down (into), to be installed (in one's rightful place), to be returned (to one's original position)
3.
to settle into (one's position), to take up (a post), to occupy (a role)(esp. 納まる)
4.
to be delivered, to be paid (e.g. taxes)(only relevant for 納まる)
5.
to be settled (dispute, conflict, etc.), to be sorted, to subside (e.g. wind), to calm down, to abate(only relevant for 収まる)
See also:治まる
6.
to be satisfied (e.g. with an answer), to consent, to agree
Other readings:
納まる【おさまる】
adverb
1.
purposely (of something needless, unexpected or seemingly counterproductive, etc.), daringly (doing something), deliberately, intentionally(usually kana)
2.
not necessarily, not particularly, not especially(usually kana)(used with neg. verb)
3.
definitely not(usually kana, archaism)(used with neg. verb)
Other readings:
あえて《敢て》[1]
Notes:
- irregular okurigana usage
noun, auxillary suru verb
1.
bending, curving, twisting, turning, winding
2.
warping (of feelings, logic, etc.), distortion, twisting
3.
refraction
4.
inflection(linguistics)
zubari
Common word
adverb, to-adverb
1.
decisively, decidedly, boldly, once and for all, unreservedly, frankly(onomatopia)
2.
precisely, exactly(onomatopia)
Other readings:
ズバリ
Ichidan verb, transitive verb
1.
to visit, to call on
Ichidan verb, intransitive verb
2.
to arrive, to come, to appear
Other readings:
訪れる【おとづれる】
rentakaa
Common word
noun
1.
rental car, rent-a-car, hired auto
2.
car rental agency, car hire agency, hire car agency
noun (suffix)
1.
little less than, slightly fewer than, just under
noun
2.
weakness, the weak
Ichidan verb, intransitive verb
1.
to leak out, to escape, to come through, to shine through, to filter out
2.
to find expression, to give vent
3.
to leak out, to be divulged, to be disclosed
4.
to be omitted, to be left out, to be excluded, to be not included
Other readings:
洩れる【もれる】
noun, na-adjective
•
(idle) curiosity, fancifulness, whimsy, (having) strange tastes
Other readings:
もの好き【ものずき】
、物数奇【ものずき】
noun
1.
feeling, sensation, mood
suffix
2.
sensation of doing(usu. after -masu stem of verb; read as ごこち)
noun
1.
specific gravity, relative density(physics term)
2.
relative importance, weight
noun, no-adjective
1.
darkness, the dark
noun
2.
bewilderment, despair, hopelessness
3.
hidden place, secrecy, oblivion
noun, no-adjective
4.
black market, shady trading, underhand transactions, illegal channels
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