Vocabulary list for JLPT N1
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Ichidan verb, transitive verb
1.
to harden, to freeze, to strengthen, to solidify, to make (a fist), to tramp down (snow, dirt)
See also:土を固める (つちをかためる)
2.
to put together, to collect, to gather, to consolidate
3.
to make secure, to stabilize, to settle down, to strengthen (belief, resolution, etc.), to establish (evidence)
See also:身を固める (みをかためる)
4.
to fortify, to reinforce, to support
5.
to wear for a specific purpose (armor, coat, etc.)(in the form に身をかためる)
6.
to swear, to resolutely vow, to sincerely promise
7.
to tie tightly, to fasten
8.
to hold a bow fully drawn
Other readings:
堅める【かためる】[1]
Notes:
- word containing irregular kanji usage
dounika
Common word
adverb, auxillary suru verb
•
in some way or other, one way or another, somehow, only just, barely
noun
•
beak, bill(usually kana)
Other readings:
くちばし《喙》
、はし《嘴》
、はし《觜》
Godan-su verb, transitive verb
1.
to make (the best) use of, to put to good use, to leverage (skills, attributes, experience, etc.), to capitalise on (experience, etc.)
2.
to let live, to keep alive
3.
to revive, to resuscitate, to bring back to life
4.
to restore (a deleted passage; in proofreading)
Other readings:
活かす【いかす】
noun
1.
tide, current
2.
sea water
3.
opportunity, chance(only relevant for しお)
4.
thin soup of fish or shellfish boiled in seawater(abbreviation)(only relevant for うしお)
See also:潮汁 (うしおじる)
All readings:
潮【しお】
、潮【うしお】
、汐【しお】
noun, auxillary suru verb, no-adjective
1.
circulation (money, goods, etc.), distribution
noun, auxillary suru verb
2.
circulation (air, water, etc.), ventilation, flow
prenominal
3.
negotiable (e.g. shares), distributional, circulating
noun, auxillary suru verb
•
manufacturing, processing, treatment, machining
noun
1.
fossil
noun, auxillary suru verb
2.
petrifaction, petrification, fossilization, fossilisation
noun, auxillary suru verb
1.
securing, obtaining, ensuring, guarantee, maintaining
2.
belay, belaying
noun
1.
top and bottom, up and down, high and low, above and below, upper and lower ends
no-adjective, noun
2.
upside-down
See also:上下になる
Godan-ku verb, transitive verb, intransitive verb
1.
to lament, to grieve, to regret
Godan-ku verb, transitive verb
2.
to deplore
Other readings:
歎く【なげく】
noun
•
fine weather (i.e. little or no clouds), fair weather, clear weather, clear sky, fair skies
Other readings:
晴天【せいでん】[1]
Notes:
- out-dated or obsolete kana usage
adverb
1.
still, yet(usually kana)
2.
more, still more, greater, further(usually kana)
3.
as ..., like ...(usually kana)(as なお〜ごとし)
conjunction
4.
furthermore, in addition, moreover, note that ...(usually kana)
Other readings:
なお《猶》
、なお《尚お》[1]
、なお《猶お》[1]
Notes:
- irregular okurigana usage
adjective
1.
2.
crooked, vicious, wicked, nasty, unscrupulous, dishonest(usually kana)
noun, auxillary suru verb
•
reimbursement, compensation, reparation, indemnity
noun, noun (suffix)
1.
work (e.g. of art), production
See also:作品
noun
2.
harvest, cultivation, farming, crop, yield
3.
technique
auxillary suru verb
1.
to be stumped, to be nonplussed, to be disconcerted, to dumbfounded
See also:閉口
2.
to be fed up with, to be tired of, to find unable to bear
3.
to wince, to shrink back, to cringe
Other readings:
ヘキエキ
noun
1.
attempt, trial, experiment
2.
endeavour (endeavor), effort, venture, initiative
noun, auxillary suru verb
1.
passage (of time), elapsing, lapse
2.
progress, development, course (of events)
3.
transit(astronomy term)
Ichidan verb, transitive verb
1.
to be used to, to get accustomed to, to be in the habit of doing(usually kana)
2.
3.
to tack (in needlework), to baste(usually kana)
4.
to plant (esp. rice seedlings)(usually kana)
Other readings:
しつける《為付ける》
adverb
1.
at hand, on hand, nearby, close at hand
noun
2.
way of moving one's arms, skill
3.
money at hand, pocket money
4.
grip, handle
Other readings:
手許【てもと】
、手もと【てもと】
adjective
•
precious, valuable, priceless, noble, exalted, sacred
All readings:
尊い【とうとい】
、尊い【たっとい】
、貴い【とうとい】
、貴い【たっとい】
noun
1.
collar, lapel, neckband, neck
2.
nape of the neck, scruff of the neck
Other readings:
衿【えり】
、領【えり】
Godan-su verb, transitive verb
1.
to pollute, to contaminate, to soil, to make dirty, to stain
2.
to disgrace, to dishonour, to dishonor, to defile(esp. けがす)
All readings:
汚す【よごす】
、汚す【けがす】
、穢す【けがす】
dorai
Common word
noun
•
tumour, tumor, growth, boil, ulcer, abscess, rash, pimple(usually kana)
noun
1.
electric line, electric cable, power cable
2.
telephone line, telegraph wire
Ichidan verb, transitive verb
1.
to wear (sword, decoration, etc.), to carry
2.
to be entrusted (e.g. with a mission), to take on
3.
to have a trace of, to be tinged with
See also:赤味を帯びた (あかみをおびた)
Ichidan verb, transitive verb
1.
to decide, to determine
2.
to establish, to lay down, to prescribe, to provide, to stipulate
3.
to bring peace (to), to make peaceful
daburu
Godan-ru verb, intransitive verb
1.
to be duplicated, to be repeated
See also:ダブル
2.
to overlap, to fall together (of dates, etc.), to coincide
3.
to repeat (a failed course, school year, etc.)
4.
5.
Other readings:
だぶる
na-adjective, noun
•
good, fine, excellent, favorable, favourable, satisfactory
no-adjective, na-adjective, noun
1.
original, unique, distinctive, characteristic, peculiar
2.
independent, one's own, personal
Godan-mu verb, intransitive verb
1.
to be rich in, to abound in, to be abundant in, to be full of
2.
to be rich, to be wealthy
expression
•
How do you do?, I am glad to meet you(usually kana)
All readings:
はじめまして《初めまして》
、はじめまして《始めまして》
pekopeko
Common word
na-adjective
1.
very hungry, starving, famished(onomatopia)
to-adverb, adverb, auxillary suru verb
2.
fawning, bowing and scraping, being obsequious, being servile, kowtowing, bowing repeatedly, cringing(onomatopia)
See also:ぺこん
3.
All readings:
ペコペコ
、ぺこぺこ
noun
•
protein
All readings:
タンパク質【タンパクしつ】
、蛋白質【たんぱくしつ】
、たんぱく質【たんぱくしつ】
、たん白質【たんぱくしつ】
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